lifrar

Lifrar are the hepatic organs of vertebrates, including humans. The liver is a large, glandular organ located mainly in the upper right portion of the abdomen, just below the diaphragm. In humans it is conventionally described as having a right and a left lobe, with additional anatomical subdivisions such as the caudate and quadrate lobes recognized in some classifications.

Anatomy and circulation: The liver has a dual blood supply from the hepatic artery (oxygen-rich blood) and the hepatic portal vein (nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract). Blood flows through a network of sinusoids before draining into the hepatic veins and the inferior vena cava. Bile is produced by hepatocytes, collected in bile canaliculi, and conveyed through ducts toward the gallbladder and small intestine.

Functions: The liver performs a wide range of essential processes. It metabolizes carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins; detoxifies drugs and toxins; and produces bile for digestion. It synthesizes plasma proteins such as albumin and clotting factors, stores vitamins and glycogen, and participates in hormone metabolism. Immune functions are supported by specialized cells (Kupffer cells) that help clear bacteria and debris. The liver also plays a role in bilirubin processing and iron storage, and it acts as a key hub in nutrient distribution and energy balance.

Health and disease: Common conditions include hepatitis, fatty liver disease (NAFLD/NASH), cirrhosis, and liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma). Liver function is monitored through clinical tests (liver enzymes such as ALT and AST, bilirubin levels) and imaging. Treatments vary by condition and can range from lifestyle changes and medication to liver transplantation in advanced cases.

Development and regeneration: The liver originates from foregut endoderm during embryonic development and has notable regenerative capacity in many species, enabling recovery after partial loss or injury.