lifeboats

Lifeboats are small rescue craft carried on ships to evacuate passengers and crew when abandoning ship is necessary. They are designed to remain afloat, provide protection from the sea, and offer propulsion or maneuverability as needed. Lifeboats can be open or enclosed, and may be powered or manually operated. Some lifeboats are inflatable for buoyancy, while others have rigid hulls.

There are several designs and configurations. Rigid-hull lifeboats have metal or composite hulls and are launched from davits. Enclosed lifeboats offer cabin shelter and may include propulsion and steering systems. Inflatable lifeboats have a rigid floor and an inflatable buoyant tube, combining light weight with seaworthiness. Rigid-hulled inflatable boats blend a rigid hull with an inflatable collar for stability. Free-fall lifeboats are launched by a gravity-assisted drop from a chute or ramp on certain vessels. Rescue boats and fast rescue craft are used for targeted rescue operations and quick response.

Equipment and operation: Lifeboats carry survival gear such as water, rations, thermal blankets, signaling devices, paddles or oars, sea anchors, and beacon equipment like EPIRBs or SARTs. They are equipped with first aid supplies and fire extinguishers as appropriate. Launch and recovery require trained crew and drills. International standards under SOLAS specify required lifeboat capacity, launch arrangements, stability, maintenance, and routine inspections.

History and regulation: Lifeboats evolved from early wooden rescue boats and underwent major safety reforms after maritime disasters in the 19th and 20th centuries, including the Titanic tragedy. Modern regulations emphasize adequate lifeboat provisions for all aboard, regular drills, and integration with overall ship safety systems.