leukotriénreceptor

Leukotriene receptor refers to a type of cell surface receptor that binds to leukotrienes. Leukotrienes are a class of inflammatory mediators that play a significant role in allergic reactions and asthma. They are lipid molecules derived from arachidonic acid through the action of enzymes like 5-lipoxygenase. There are several types of leukotrienes, including LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4, which are collectively known as cysteinyl leukotrienes.

These leukotriene receptors are typically G protein-coupled receptors. The most well-characterized are the cysteinyl leukotriene receptors, specifically the CysLT1 receptor and the CysLT2 receptor. The CysLT1 receptor is found on various cells involved in inflammation, such as eosinophils, mast cells, and airway smooth muscle cells. Activation of the CysLT1 receptor leads to bronchoconstriction, increased mucus secretion, and recruitment of inflammatory cells into the airways. The CysLT2 receptor has a more diverse distribution and its exact role is still being investigated, though it also appears to be involved in inflammation and vascular tone.

Leukotriene receptor antagonists, often called leukotriene modifiers, are a class of drugs that work by blocking the action of leukotrienes at their receptors. These medications are commonly used to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis. By inhibiting the inflammatory cascade triggered by leukotrienes, these drugs help to reduce symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and nasal congestion. Examples of commonly used leukotriene receptor antagonists include montelukast, zafirlukast, and zileuton (though zileuton is technically a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, it indirectly affects leukotriene synthesis and is often grouped with leukotriene modifiers).