leukotriinid

Leukotrienes are a group of biologically active lipids that are derived from arachidonic acid. They are produced by various cells in the body, including white blood cells, mast cells, and basophils. Leukotrienes play a significant role in inflammatory and allergic responses.

There are several types of leukotrienes, each with distinct functions. The cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4) are potent mediators of inflammation and bronchoconstriction, contributing to the symptoms of asthma and allergic rhinitis. They increase vascular permeability, mucus secretion, and smooth muscle contraction in the airways. Another group, the LTB4, is a chemoattractant for neutrophils and other inflammatory cells, drawing them to sites of infection or injury.

The synthesis of leukotrienes involves the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase. This pathway is distinct from the cyclooxygenase pathway that produces prostaglandins. Leukotriene activity is regulated by their release and interaction with specific cell surface receptors.

Due to their involvement in inflammatory conditions, leukotrienes are targets for therapeutic intervention. Antileukotriene medications, such as montelukast and zafirlukast, are commonly used in the management of asthma and allergic rhinitis. These drugs block the action of cysteinyl leukotrienes, thereby reducing inflammation and alleviating symptoms. Research continues to explore the broader roles of leukotrienes in various physiological and pathological processes.