lempyème

Empyema is a medical term referring to the collection of pus within a naturally existing anatomical cavity. It is most commonly associated with the pleural space, the area between the lungs and the chest wall, in which case it is known as empyema thoracis. However, the term can also be applied to pus accumulation in other cavities such as the gallbladder (cholecystic empyema) or the uterus (pyometra).

The development of empyema is typically a consequence of infection. In the case of empyema thoracis, bacterial pneumonia is a frequent precursor, where bacteria spread from the infected lung into the pleural space. Other causes can include chest trauma, surgery, or the spread of infection from adjacent organs. Symptoms vary depending on the location but often include fever, pain, shortness of breath, and a general feeling of illness.

Diagnosis usually involves medical imaging such as X-rays or CT scans, along with aspiration of the fluid for laboratory analysis to identify the causative agent. Treatment focuses on draining the pus, often through chest tubes or surgical intervention, and administering antibiotics to combat the infection. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications, which can include lung damage, sepsis, or chronic pain.