lavastromen

Lavastromen (lava flows) are surface flows of molten rock that originate from volcanic vents or fissures and travel downslope before solidifying. They can form during effusive eruptions and vary widely in speed, thickness, and duration, ranging from a few meters to tens of kilometers in length.

Two common surface morphologies are pahoehoe (smooth, ropey crust) and aa (rough, jagged surface). Crust formation insulates the interior lava, allowing the flow to advance even as the surface cools. If the crust remains intact, lava tubes may develop, permitting continued transport of lava far from the vent and creating subterranean conduits that can later collapse.

Viscosity and temperature, which depend on magma composition, control flow behavior. Mafic basaltic lavas are relatively low-viscosity and can form long, fast flows, while felsic rhyolitic or andesitic lavas are more viscous and tend to advance slowly with thick, blocky surfaces. Flow front dynamics, slope, and obstacles shape the pathways and pattern of branching channels.

As lava flows advance, they may create new landforms such as lava plains and levees, or destroy vegetation and infrastructure. Most lava flows move slowly, but sudden breaks or rapid advances can pose hazards to nearby communities and infrastructure.

Scientists study lava flows to understand eruption dynamics and volcanic hazards. Methods include field mapping, satellite radar and optical imaging, gas measurements, and seismic monitoring to track magma movement and flow activity.