lateQing
The late Qing, also called the late Qing dynasty, refers to the final era of the Qing dynasty in China, roughly from the 1840s to 1912. It was marked by intense internal upheaval and sustained pressure from foreign powers, causing political crisis and social transformation.
During this period, China faced defeat in the Opium Wars (1839-1842; 1856-1860), unequal treaties, and the Taiping
Reform efforts attempted to strengthen the state while preserving Qing rule. The Self-Strengthening Movement (c. 1861-1895)
A major upheaval occurred with the Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901), a nationalist anti-foreign movement that ended with
The crisis culminated in the Xinhai Revolution of 1911-1912, sparked by military uprisings and revolutionary organizations.