laserskannaus

Laserskannaus, or laser scanning, is a measurement technique that uses laser light to capture the three-dimensional geometry of objects and environments. A laser scanner emits pulses or lines of laser light and records the time of flight or the phase shift between emitted and reflected signals to determine distances to surfaces. By combining these measurements with the scanner’s position and orientation, a dense point cloud representing the scanned scene is created. There are several families of systems, including terrestrial (ground-based), airborne (uav or aircraft), and mobile scans mounted on vehicles or handheld devices. Most modern scanners use either time-of-flight or phase-based methods, and some employ structured light for high-resolution close-range measurements. Scanning can be static, with the device stationary, or dynamic, using rotating mirrors or rotating stages to sweep the field of view rapidly.

Data processing involves aligning multiple scans into a common coordinate system, a process called registration, followed by filtering, noise reduction, and meshing to produce surfaces or textured models. Typical outputs are point clouds and 3D meshes, stored in formats such as LAS/LAZ, E57, or PLY.

Applications span architecture and construction, civil engineering, surveying, archaeology, cultural heritage, and robotics, including autonomous navigation and urban mapping. The technique offers high accuracy and rapid data capture while being non-contact, but it is limited by line-of-sight, weather conditions, and surface properties that affect reflectivity. Costs and data-processing requirements vary with system sophistication, but laser scanning has become a standard tool for digital documentation and 3D modeling across many industries.