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Laser Doppler velocimetry, often abbreviated as LDV, is a non-intrusive optical measurement technique used to measure fluid velocity. It relies on the Doppler effect, where the frequency of light scattered by moving particles changes proportionally to their velocity.

In a typical LDV system, a laser beam is split into two intersecting beams, creating an interference fringe pattern in the region where velocity is to be measured. As particles suspended in the fluid pass through this fringe pattern, they scatter light. The scattered light is collected by a photodetector.

The Doppler shift in the scattered light's frequency is directly related to the velocity of the particles. This frequency shift is then analyzed by processing electronics, which convert the Doppler frequency into a velocity measurement. The velocity can be determined in one, two, or three dimensions depending on the configuration of the laser beams and detectors.

LDV systems are widely used in various fields, including aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, combustion research, and biomedical engineering. Its non-intrusive nature is a significant advantage, as it does not disturb the flow being measured, which is crucial for accurate results in many applications. The technique offers high spatial and temporal resolution, making it suitable for studying complex flow phenomena. Calibration and particle seeding are important considerations for obtaining reliable measurements.