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Laryngitis is the inflammation of the larynx, commonly known as the voice box. This inflammation causes swelling of the vocal cords, which can lead to a hoarse voice or complete loss of voice. The condition can be acute, lasting for a few days, or chronic, persisting for several weeks.

The most common cause of acute laryngitis is a viral infection, such as the common cold or flu. Other causes include bacterial infections, overuse of the voice (like shouting or singing loudly), exposure to irritants such as smoke or air pollution, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), where stomach acid irritates the vocal cords.

Symptoms of laryngitis typically include hoarseness, a sore throat, a dry cough, and a feeling of a lump in the throat. In more severe cases, individuals may experience difficulty breathing.

Diagnosis is usually made based on symptoms and a physical examination. In cases of chronic laryngitis or when other conditions are suspected, a doctor may perform a laryngoscopy to visualize the vocal cords.

Treatment for acute laryngitis often involves rest for the voice, staying hydrated, and avoiding irritants. Over-the-counter pain relievers can help manage discomfort. For laryngitis caused by GERD, medications to reduce stomach acid may be prescribed. Chronic laryngitis may require more specific treatments depending on the underlying cause, which could include voice therapy or addressing environmental factors. While most cases resolve on their own, persistent hoarseness warrants medical attention to rule out more serious conditions.