lapsenhuolto

Lapsenhuolto refers to arrangements concerning a child’s care, upbringing, and residence, particularly after parental separation or when parents do not live together. The central principle guiding lapsenhuolto is the best interests of the child.

The arrangement covers where the child primarily lives, daily care by guardians, and decision-making on major issues such as education, health, and religion. It is typically linked with but separate from elatus, which covers financial support; in practice, parents often negotiate both jointly and simultaneously, including visitation rights (tapaamisoikeus).

In Finland, the default is joint responsibility (yhteishuoltajuus) for most parents; sole custody can be awarded when joint care is not feasible or if it serves the child's best interests. If parents cannot agree, the matter can be settled by the authorities or the courts, guided by the child’s best interests. A child welfare authority may prepare a plan or recommendation in ongoing circumstances.

Arrangements can be reviewed and modified as circumstances change, such as relocations, changes in schooling, or shifts in family situation. The overarching aim is to secure stable, safe, and suitable living conditions for the child while balancing the rights and responsibilities of both parents. Decisions under lapsenhuolto are typically documented and, when necessary, enforceable through legal mechanisms to ensure the child’s welfare.