landskapsforming

Landskapsforming is the deliberate shaping and planning of landscapes to achieve functional, aesthetic, and ecological objectives. The term is used in Nordic languages to describe both the physical modification of landforms and the design of spatial arrangements that integrate terrain, water, vegetation, built structures, and cultural meaning. It encompasses natural processes and human interventions that together determine how a landscape looks, behaves, and is experienced over time.

Disciplines involved include landscape architecture, urban planning, ecology, geomorphology, civil engineering, and environmental restoration. Common goals are to improve resilience to climate and environmental changes, enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services, manage water and soil resources, provide recreation and access, and preserve or interpret cultural heritage.

Common techniques range from earthworks such as grading and terracing to naturalizing drainage, wetlands creation, and water features. Planting schemes emphasize native or adapted vegetation and ecological corridors. Materials, textures, and lighting are selected to support usability and identity. Digital tools like GIS, 3D modeling, and hydrological analysis support analysis and visualization.

Process typically includes site analysis, concept design, public participation, detailed design, construction, and ongoing maintenance and evaluation. Projects may address urban parks, waterfronts, campuses, agricultural or rural landscapes, or the restoration of degraded areas. As a holistic practice, landskapsforming seeks to align ecological function with social needs and cultural values.