laaktihappo

Laaktihappo, more commonly known as lactic acid, is an organic acid with the chemical formula C3H6O3. It is a carboxylic acid that exists in both D- and L-stereoisomers, as well as a racemic mixture called DL-lactic acid. In its pure form, lactic acid is a white solid, but it is often found as an aqueous solution.

Lactic acid plays a significant role in various biological processes. In animals, it is produced during anaerobic respiration, a metabolic pathway that occurs when oxygen levels are insufficient for aerobic respiration. This process is common in muscle cells during strenuous exercise, leading to the buildup of lactic acid and contributing to muscle fatigue. In humans, lactic acid is also involved in the fermentation of carbohydrates.

Industrially, lactic acid is produced through the fermentation of sugars, such as glucose or lactose, by lactic acid bacteria. This fermentation process is used in the production of a wide range of products. It is a key ingredient in the food industry, where it acts as a preservative, flavor enhancer, and acidulant in products like yogurt, cheese, sauerkraut, and pickles. The food-grade form of lactic acid is safe for consumption.

Beyond food applications, lactic acid is utilized in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. It serves as an exfoliant in skincare products due to its alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) properties, helping to remove dead skin cells and improve skin texture. Furthermore, lactic acid is a precursor for the production of polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable and compostable bioplastic widely used in packaging, textiles, and medical devices.