lEmploi

L'emploi is a noun in French that designates the state of having paid work, or the set of available jobs within an economy. In economics and public policy, the term is used to describe the workforce, the relationship between workers and employers, and the functioning of the labor market.

Etymology: The word comes from the French verb employer, meaning to use or to employ; the noun emploi refers to the act or condition of employing.

Types: Employment can be full-time or part-time; permanent or temporary; fixed-term contracts; self-employment; or participation in the gig economy. The term also covers voluntary or involuntary part-time work.

Measurement: Analysts use indicators such as the employment rate (the share of the working-age population that is employed), the employment-population ratio, and the labor-force participation rate. They distinguish employed, unemployed, and inactive persons to assess labor market conditions.

Policy and rights: Labor law governs working hours, minimum wage, health and safety, and nondiscrimination. Social protection includes unemployment benefits, pensions, and health coverage. Active labor market policies aim to improve employability through training, apprenticeships, and job-matching services.

Trends: The structure of employment evolves with automation, digital platforms, globalization, and demographic change. Regional and sectoral disparities remain, and policy choices affect job creation and quality of work.