kärnladdan

Kärnladdan is a term that can refer to a nuclear charge or a core charge. In nuclear physics, a nuclear charge refers to the positive electrical charge of an atomic nucleus, which is determined by the number of protons it contains. This number is also known as the atomic number and is a fundamental property of each chemical element. The nuclear charge is a key factor in determining an atom's chemical behavior, as it influences the strength of the electrostatic attraction between the nucleus and its orbiting electrons.

The concept of core charge is also relevant in chemistry, particularly when discussing atomic structure and bonding. It represents the net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom. This effective nuclear charge is less than the actual nuclear charge because of the shielding effect of inner-shell electrons, which repel the outer-shell electrons. Understanding the core charge helps explain trends in atomic radius, ionization energy, and electronegativity across the periodic table. Variations in core charge significantly impact how atoms interact with each other to form chemical bonds.