kvantiserede

Kvantiserede is a Danish term describing data, signals, or quantities that have undergone quantization, the process of mapping a continuous range of values to a finite set of discrete levels. This transformation is fundamental in digital representation of analog signals, as well as in data compression and certain numerical methods.

Key concepts include the step size Δ and the number of levels L. For an N-bit quantizer, L equals 2^N, and the full-scale range defines the maximum representable amplitude. Uniform quantization uses evenly spaced levels, while non-uniform quantization uses irregular spacing to allocate more levels where they are most needed, a principle used in companding schemes such as μ-law and A-law. The quantization error is the difference between the input and its quantized value; in an ideal uniform quantizer this error is often modeled as being uniformly distributed within ±Δ/2, giving a mean squared error of Δ^2/12.

Overload or clipping can occur when input values exceed the supported range, leading to large distortion. Dithering—adding low-level noise before quantization—can help reduce perceptible distortion by randomizing quantization errors. The choice of quantiser affects fidelity, bitrate, and signal-to-noise characteristics, making kvantiserede data a common consideration in audio, video, communications, and sensor systems.

In summary, kvantiserede data have been through quantization, converting continuous information into a discrete, finite set of representations, with implications for accuracy, storage, and processing efficiency.