kulkowe

Kulkowe is a Polish term used to describe ball bearings and related rolling-contact devices. Derived from kula, meaning ball, the word highlights the rolling elements that convert sliding friction into rolling friction. In everyday technical use, kulkowe appears most often in phrases such as łóżyska kulkowe (ball bearings).

A ball bearing assembly comprises an inner ring, an outer ring, rolling elements (balls), and a cage to space the balls. They support radial loads and, in many designs, axial loads as well. Common subtypes include radial ball bearings, thrust bearings, angular-contact bearings, and self-aligning ball bearings.

Materials are typically steel alloys; ceramic balls are used for high-speed or high-temperature applications. Lubrication—grease or oil—is essential, tailored to speed, load, and environment. Seals or shields help retain lubricant and keep contaminants out. Precision tolerances and proper mounting influence life and performance.

Applications span automotive engines and transmissions, industrial machinery, electrical motors, consumer appliances, and precision instruments. Advantages include low friction, broad load capability, and suitability for moderate to high speeds; drawbacks involve sensitivity to contamination, skidding at extreme speeds, and limitations in stiffness compared with some roller bearings.

Overall, the term kulkowe remains primarily a linguistic reference within engineering contexts to ball-bearing technology.