krup

Krup refers to a group of highly contagious respiratory illnesses in children caused by viruses, most commonly the parainfluenza virus. It is characterized by a distinctive barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor, which is a harsh, high-pitched sound made when breathing in. These symptoms often appear suddenly, typically at night, and are usually preceded by mild cold-like symptoms.

The inflammation and swelling of the upper airway, particularly the larynx and trachea, lead to the characteristic symptoms of croup. While most cases of croup are mild and can be managed at home with supportive care, such as keeping the child calm and using humidified air, severe cases can lead to breathing difficulties. In rare instances, severe croup can obstruct the airway, requiring immediate medical attention.

Diagnosis is usually made based on the child's symptoms and a physical examination. Medical treatment for more severe cases may include corticosteroids to reduce swelling and, in very severe situations, racemic epinephrine via nebulizer to temporarily open the airway. Croup typically resolves within a week, though the barking cough may linger for longer. It is important to seek medical advice if a child has difficulty breathing, a high fever, or appears very ill.