korvasylkirauhanen

Korvasylkirauhanen, also known as the parotid gland, is the largest of the salivary glands in humans. It is one of a pair of major salivary glands located on either side of the face, anterior and inferior to the ears. These glands are responsible for producing saliva, which aids in digestion and lubrication of the mouth. The parotid glands are exocrine glands, meaning they secrete their product through a duct. The parotid duct, also called Stensen's duct, exits the gland and empties into the mouth, usually opposite the upper second molar tooth.

The parotid glands receive innervation from the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX) for their secretory function. The gland is composed of acini, which are clusters of secretory cells, predominantly serous cells, producing a watery, enzyme-rich saliva. This saliva contains amylase, an enzyme that begins the breakdown of carbohydrates. The parotid glands are involved in the initial stages of digestion and also play a role in protecting the oral mucosa and maintaining oral hygiene.

Common conditions affecting the parotid glands include infections, such as mumps, and tumors, which can be benign or malignant. Inflammation of the parotid gland is called parotitis. Due to their location, the parotid glands are closely related to important facial structures, including the facial nerve, which runs through the gland. Surgical procedures involving the parotid gland require careful attention to preserve the integrity of the facial nerve.