kortslutningsstrømmene

Kortslutningsstrømmene, often translated as short-circuit currents, refer to the extremely high currents that flow through an electrical circuit when an unintended low-resistance path is created, effectively bypassing the normal load. This can occur due to insulation failure, accidental contact between conductors, or faults in equipment. The magnitude of a short-circuit current is significantly higher than the normal operating current and is primarily determined by the impedance of the power system up to the point of the fault.

These currents pose a significant threat to electrical systems. They can cause severe damage to conductors, equipment, and insulation due to excessive heat generation (Joule heating). The rapid rise in current can also lead to mechanical stresses, potentially causing equipment to rupture or explode. Furthermore, short-circuit currents can trigger protective devices such as fuses and circuit breakers, which are designed to interrupt the flow of electricity and prevent further damage or hazards.

Understanding and calculating short-circuit currents are crucial for the safe design and operation of electrical installations. This analysis helps in selecting appropriate protective devices, sizing conductors, and ensuring the overall stability and reliability of the power system. Standards and regulations provide guidelines for determining these current levels and implementing necessary safety measures to mitigate the risks associated with short circuits.