kortisoliin

Kortisoliin is a Finnish-language term that translates to "cortisol" in English. Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, which are located on top of the kidneys. It plays a vital role in the body's response to stress, regulating metabolism, immune function, and inflammation.

The release of cortisol is controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. When the body perceives a stressor, the hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which stimulates the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH then signals the adrenal glands to produce and release cortisol.

Cortisol has numerous effects on the body. It increases blood glucose levels by promoting gluconeogenesis (the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources) and inhibiting glucose uptake by peripheral tissues. This provides the body with readily available energy during stressful situations. Cortisol also has anti-inflammatory properties, suppressing the immune system's response to injury or infection.

While cortisol is essential for survival, chronically elevated levels can have detrimental effects on health. Prolonged stress can lead to conditions such as Cushing's syndrome, characterized by weight gain, high blood pressure, and muscle weakness. Conversely, insufficient cortisol production, known as Addison's disease, can result in fatigue, weight loss, and low blood pressure. Healthcare professionals can diagnose and manage cortisol imbalances through various medical tests and treatments.