konduktionsström

Konduktionsström refers to the flow of electric charge through a material due to direct contact between particles. In solid conductors, this primarily occurs through the movement of free electrons. When a voltage difference is applied across a conductor, these electrons are driven from a region of higher potential to one of lower potential, creating an electric current. This motion is not instantaneous; electrons collide with the atoms within the material's lattice structure. These collisions transfer kinetic energy, which is then dissipated as heat, a phenomenon known as Joule heating.

In contrast to convective currents, where charge is carried by the bulk movement of charged fluids or particles, konduktionsström is characterized by a more localized and particle-to-particle transfer of charge. This mechanism is fundamental to electrical conduction in metals and semiconductors. The rate of konduktionsström is governed by Ohm's law, which relates voltage, current, and resistance. Resistance in a conductor is a measure of the opposition to this flow, largely determined by the number of free charge carriers and the frequency of collisions. Understanding konduktionsström is essential for designing and analyzing electrical circuits and devices.