komposiittitekniikka

Komposiittitekniikka refers to the field of engineering and science focused on the design, manufacturing, and application of composite materials. Composite materials are formed from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties which remain separate and distinct at the macroscopic or microscopic level within the finished structure. The primary goal of composite engineering is to create materials that exhibit superior performance characteristics compared to their individual components, such as increased strength-to-weight ratio, enhanced stiffness, improved corrosion resistance, or better thermal and electrical insulation properties.

The development of composite materials involves careful selection of reinforcement and matrix phases. Reinforcements, often in the form of fibers (e.g., carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber) or particles, provide the structural integrity and mechanical strength. The matrix, typically a polymer (like epoxy or polyester), resin, or ceramic, binds the reinforcements together, transfers loads between them, and protects them from environmental degradation. The arrangement, orientation, and volume fraction of the reinforcements within the matrix are critical design parameters that dictate the final properties of the composite.

Manufacturing processes for composites are diverse and include methods like hand lay-up, vacuum bagging, resin transfer molding (RTM), pultrusion, and filament winding. Each method is suited for different types of composites, production volumes, and desired component geometries. Applications of composite materials are widespread across various industries, including aerospace, automotive, marine, construction, sporting goods, and renewable energy, due to their advantageous properties.