komornik

Komornik, in Poland commonly referred to as komornik sądowy, is a public official authorized to enforce court judgments and other enforceable obligations. They operate within the civil enforcement system and are appointed for a specific district by a regional court. They work under the supervision of the judiciary and are part of professional self-government bodies known as Izba Komornicza (Chamber of Bailiffs).

Main functions and powers: A komornik executes monetary obligations such as debts, fines, and alimony, and may secure claims or delivery obligations. They perform enforcement acts that may involve attachments on wages and bank accounts, seizure of movable property, and, in appropriate cases, real estate. They also organize public auctions to recover funds and may supervise other enforcement measures to ensure compliance with the decision being enforced.

Procedure and safeguards: Enforcement begins after an enforcement title is issued. Debtors are notified, and there are procedures to contest actions. Bailiffs must follow rules designed to protect the rights of both debtors and creditors, observe due process, and apply limits and exemptions when appropriate. Fees for enforcement actions are regulated by law.

Oversight and professional framework: Komornicy are accountable to the courts and the Ministry of Justice, and operate within the framework of professional Chambers of Bailiffs. They may be subject to complaints and disciplinary action if duties are not performed properly. The system includes ongoing reforms aimed at improving transparency, efficiency, and protection of vulnerable groups.

Public impact: The enforcement process provides a formal mechanism to convert a court or public decision into actual compliance, balancing the interests of creditors with the rights of debtors through structured procedures and oversight.