kolonnat

Kolonnat is an architectural feature consisting of a sequence of columns that support an entablature or roof, forming a covered walkway, arcade, or open gallery. The columns are typically evenly spaced and may frame arches (an arcade) or stand as a simple colonnade. Kolonnat can function as a street arcade, a cloistered passage, a loggia, or a grand portico at building entrances. The term is used across architectural traditions and can include variations in column orders and spacing.

Historically, colonnades appear in ancient Greek and Roman architecture and were later revived in Renaissance and Baroque design. They served both practical and ceremonial purposes: providing shelter from weather, guiding movement, and framing views or processions. In religious architecture, colonnades often mark transitions between exterior courtyards and interior spaces. In modern contexts, kolonnat are employed to create rhythm, shade, and a sense of grandeur in public buildings, museums, government complexes, and urban squares.

Construction and design notes: columns may be fluted or smooth, with capitals reflecting different orders (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian) or contemporary styles. The spacing between columns, or intercolumniation, is a key proportion in the design and influences the overall rhythm and perception of the space. The supporting elements—entablature, arches, or a flat roof—distribute loads along the line of columns.

Notable examples include famous city squares where a double or single row of columns creates a defining outdoor room, such as the colonnade around St. Peter’s Square in Vatican City.