kollektivavtalssystemet

The Swedish system of collective agreements, known as kollektivavtalssystemet, is a cornerstone of the Swedish labor market. It is characterized by a high degree of union density and a reliance on collective bargaining between employers' organizations and trade unions. This system largely replaces statutory labor law with agreements negotiated at the industry or company level. These agreements cover a wide range of employment conditions, including wages, working hours, vacation, pensions, and termination procedures. The principle of "negative centralization" is often cited, meaning that while national frameworks exist, the detailed regulation occurs at lower levels. Trade unions play a significant role in workplace representation, often through elected safety representatives and shop stewards. The employer’s side is represented by employers' associations, which negotiate on behalf of their member companies. Disputes arising from collective agreements are typically handled through internal negotiation procedures within the system, with a final recourse to specialized labor courts. The absence of widespread strikes and lockouts, particularly in recent decades, is often attributed to the robustness and widespread acceptance of this system of self-regulation.