kolinud

Kolinud is an Estonian word that functions as the past participle of the verb kolima, which means "to move" or "to relocate." As a participle, kolinud is used to express a completed movement when describing actions in relation to another time, typically in combination with the auxiliary verb olema (to be) to form perfect tenses.

In practical use, kolinud appears in present perfect and past forms such as olen kolinud (I have moved) or on kolinud (has moved). The meaning centers on the completion of the act of moving rather than the act itself. Because Estonian participles do not mark gender, kolinud does not change with the subject’s gender; the tense and number are determined by the auxiliary verb and surrounding context.

Common contexts include statements about relocation events, places moved to or from, and timelines of change. For example, Ma olen kolinud Eestist välja means “I have moved out of Estonia,” and Ta on hiljuti kolinud uude korterisse means “He/She has recently moved into a new apartment.” The participle can also appear in more complex tenses or in clauses describing circumstances surrounding the move.

Related forms include kolimine (the noun meaning "moving" or "relocation") and the base verb kolima. Kolinud is part of standard Estonian grammar and is widely used in both spoken and written language to denote completed relocation actions.