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Coherence theory is a psychological framework that explains how people make judgments about the truth or credibility of information. Developed by psychologist Michael E. Shermer, the theory posits that people evaluate the coherence of information, or how well it fits with their existing beliefs and knowledge, rather than relying solely on its source or content. This approach is particularly relevant in the context of conspiracy theories and pseudoscience, where individuals may accept information that contradicts established facts if it aligns well with their preexisting beliefs.

According to coherence theory, people tend to accept information that is coherent with their beliefs and reject information that is incoherent. This process is influenced by several factors, including the strength of the individual's beliefs, the perceived coherence of the new information, and the emotional impact of the information. For example, someone who strongly believes in a conspiracy theory may accept new evidence that supports the theory, even if it contradicts widely accepted scientific findings.

The theory also suggests that people may be more likely to accept information that is presented in a way that aligns with their beliefs, such as through persuasive language or emotional appeals. Additionally, individuals may be more susceptible to coherence effects when they are under stress or when they are trying to make sense of ambiguous or uncertain information.

Coherence theory has been used to explain a wide range of phenomena, including the acceptance of pseudoscience, the spread of conspiracy theories, and the influence of media on public opinion. However, it is important to note that the theory is still a subject of ongoing research and debate, and its applicability to different contexts and populations may vary. Overall, coherence theory provides a useful framework for understanding how people evaluate and accept information, and how their beliefs and knowledge may influence their judgments.