klóralkalískum

Klóralkalískum is an Icelandic term referring to the chlor-alkali process, a major industrial process for the electrolysis of sodium chloride (NaCl) brine. This process is fundamental in the production of chlorine gas (Cl2), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and hydrogen gas (H2).

The chlor-alkali process is primarily carried out using one of three main electrolytic cell technologies: diaphragm cells, mercury cells, or membrane cells. Each technology has distinct advantages and disadvantages concerning energy efficiency, product purity, and environmental impact. Membrane cells are the most modern and energy-efficient technology, and have largely replaced the older diaphragm and mercury cell methods due to environmental concerns associated with mercury.

Chlorine gas produced by this process is a vital chemical used in the manufacturing of a vast array of products, including polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics, solvents, pharmaceuticals, and disinfectants for water treatment. Sodium hydroxide, also known as caustic soda, is another key output and is essential for industries such as paper and pulp production, aluminum processing, textiles, and soap and detergent manufacturing. Hydrogen gas, while sometimes a less significant co-product, can be used as a fuel or in chemical synthesis. The efficiency and scale of the chlor-alkali process make it a cornerstone of modern industrial chemistry.