kjølemediene

Kjølemediene, often translated as refrigerants, are substances used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems to absorb heat from one location and release it in another. They are essential components that facilitate the cooling process by undergoing phase changes between liquid and gas states. Common examples of historical refrigerants include ammonia (R-717), sulfur dioxide (R-764), and methyl chloride.

In modern applications, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) were widely used for their desirable thermodynamic properties and non-flammability. However, their significant contribution to ozone depletion led to their phase-out under international agreements like the Montreal Protocol. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) were developed as replacements, offering zero ozone depletion potential.

More recently, concerns about the high global warming potential (GWP) of many HFCs have spurred the development and adoption of refrigerants with lower environmental impact. These include hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) and natural refrigerants such as carbon dioxide (CO2, R-744), propane (R-290), and ammonia. The choice of refrigerant depends on factors such as the specific application, required operating temperatures, safety considerations, efficiency, and environmental regulations. The continuous evolution of refrigerants reflects a global effort to balance cooling needs with environmental protection.