kizárva

Kizárva is a Hungarian past participle and adjective derived from kizárni, meaning to exclude or shut out. It describes someone or something that has been excluded from participation, access, or inclusion. The term is commonly used with prepositional phrases such as a csoportból or a versenyből to indicate from where the exclusion applies, and it can function both predicatively and attributively in a sentence.

In practice, kizárva appears in contexts such as sports, law, and policy to denote exclusion or disqualification. For example, ki van zárva is a common construction meaning “is excluded,” as in a competitor ki van zárva a versenyből (the competitor is excluded from the competition). In legal or institutional language, kizárás refers to the act or state of exclusion from rights, benefits, or participation; a person can be kizárva a jogokból (excluded from rights). The term also appears in everyday usage to describe someone who has been barred from a group or activity, as in a member ki van zárva a csoportból.

Etymology-wise, kizárva comes from kizárni, with ki- indicating outward movement and zár meaning to close or shut. Related forms include kizárt (excluded), kizárás (exclusion), and kizárólag (exclusively; a related adverbial form). In logic, kizáró or kizárólag is used in the sense of exclusive or. The word is a common component in both formal and informal Hungarian to express removal or denial of participation.