kierukka

Kierukka, or intrauterine device (IUD), is a long-acting reversible contraceptive device placed in the uterus to prevent pregnancy. It is available in two main forms: copper-containing and hormonal. Copper IUDs, which do not contain hormones, provide up to about 10 years of contraception. Hormonal IUDs release a small amount of progestin (levonorgestrel) and typically provide 3 to 7 years of contraception, depending on the product.

Mechanism: The copper IUD creates a hostile environment for sperm and eggs through a local inflammatory reaction and copper ions; the hormonal IUD thickens cervical mucus, inhibits sperm movement, and often thins the uterine lining; some users may have reduced ovulation.

Effectiveness and effects: Both types are over 99% effective in preventing pregnancy. They require a clinician for insertion. Side effects vary: copper IUD may cause heavier and longer menstrual bleeding, especially in the first months; hormonal IUDs often reduce menstrual bleeding or stop periods after some time, but can cause irregular bleeding early on; common symptoms include abdominal or back pain during insertion, cramping, and spotting.

Considerations: Not suitable during pregnancy; contraindications include current pregnancy, active pelvic infection, undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, uterine abnormalities that distort cavity, or known allergy to device components (rare for copper). Regular check of strings is recommended, and removal is needed to restore fertility or if pregnancy is desired.

Insertion and removal: The procedure is performed by a trained healthcare provider, typically during menstruation; analgesia may be used; removal is straightforward by pulling the strings.