ketoacinózisa

Ketoacidosis is a serious metabolic complication that can occur in individuals with diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes, and in some cases, type 2 diabetes. It develops when the body, lacking sufficient insulin, begins to break down fat for energy. This process produces ketones, which are acidic substances. When ketones accumulate in the bloodstream to high levels, they can make the blood dangerously acidic.

The onset of ketoacidosis is often gradual, but can also be rapid. Symptoms can include excessive thirst, frequent urination, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, weakness, shortness of breath, and a fruity odor to the breath. Confusion and even coma can occur if left untreated.

Triggers for ketoacidosis can include illness or infection, insufficient insulin dosage or missed insulin doses, certain medications, alcohol abuse, and undiagnosed diabetes. Diagnosis is typically made through blood and urine tests that measure glucose and ketone levels.

Treatment for ketoacidosis involves hospitalization and immediate administration of intravenous fluids, insulin therapy, and electrolyte replacement. The primary goal is to lower blood glucose and ketone levels and restore the body's acid-base balance. Prevention is key and involves consistent blood glucose monitoring, adherence to insulin regimens, regular medical check-ups, and prompt management of illness.