keratiin

Keratin is a family of fibrous, structural proteins that are key components of the outer layers of human skin, hair, nails, and the keratinocytes of the epithelial cells. These proteins are characterized by their strong, insoluble nature and their high content of amino acids such as cysteine, which form disulfide bonds contributing to their rigidity and durability.

Keratin proteins are classified into two main types: alpha-keratin and beta-keratin. Alpha-keratin, containing alpha-helical structures, is predominantly found in mammals and contributes to the softness and flexibility of hair and skin. Beta-keratin, with a beta-sheet configuration, is primarily present in reptilian scales, bird feathers, and beaks, providing heightened hardness and resilience.

The synthesis of keratin occurs within specialized cells called keratinocytes, where keratin proteins are produced and assembled into filamentous structures. These filaments form a dense network that provides mechanical protection and structural integrity to tissues. Keratin also plays a role in cellular signaling and differentiation.

Due to its protective and structural properties, keratin is widely utilized in various industries. It is a common ingredient in hair and skin care products, such as shampoos, conditioners, and treatments designed to fortify and condition hair and skin. Additionally, keratin-based biomaterials are explored for medical applications, including wound healing and tissue engineering.

Keratin's resilience and adaptability make it an essential biological component and a valuable resource in cosmetic and biomedical fields. Its natural properties enable it to withstand mechanical stress, UV radiation, and environmental damage, contributing to the durability of keratinized tissues.