katastroof

Katastroof is a Dutch noun meaning a disaster or catastrophe. It refers to a sudden event that causes significant damage, disruption, or loss of life or well-being. The term covers natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and storms, as well as man-made catastrophes such as large-scale industrial accidents or war-related damage. In everyday language, it conveys severity beyond a mere accident and is often used hyperbolically in informal speech, though in journalism and academic writing it denotes real, large-scale harm.

Etymology: Katastroof originates from the Greek katastrophē via Latin and French forms (catastrophe). Dutch employs two common spellings: katastrofe (the formal loanword used in many dictionaries) and katastroof (the more colloquial form). Both refer to the same concept, with slightly different registers.

Usage and nuances: The word is typically reserved for events with substantial consequences, such as widespread damage, casualties, or long-term disruption to communities. For smaller, individual incidents Dutch speakers use terms like ongeluk or schade. In compound terms one may encounter natural catastrophe (natuurkatastrofe) or humanitarian catastrophe. The word can appear in idiomatic expressions emphasizing scale, for example "een totale katastrofe." In Flemish Dutch, similar spellings and usage apply.

See also: ramp, tragedie, onheil, calamiteit.