kasvuhormonia

Kasvuhormoni, scientifically known as somatotropiini, is a peptide hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland in the brain. It plays a crucial role in growth and metabolism throughout the body. Its primary function is to stimulate growth, particularly in children and adolescents, by promoting the development of bones, muscles, and organs. This is achieved through its action on the liver, which produces insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in response to growth hormone stimulation. These IGFs then mediate many of growth hormone's anabolic effects.

Beyond its role in physical growth, growth hormone also influences metabolism. It promotes protein synthesis, increases fat breakdown (lipolysis), and affects carbohydrate metabolism by counteracting the action of insulin, thus raising blood glucose levels. In adults, growth hormone continues to be important for maintaining muscle mass, bone density, and the proper functioning of various tissues. It also contributes to overall well-being and energy levels.

Production of growth hormone is regulated by the hypothalamus, which releases growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) to stimulate its secretion and somatostatin to inhibit it. Secretion follows a pulsatile pattern, with higher levels typically observed during sleep and after exercise. Deficiencies in growth hormone can lead to stunted growth in children and various metabolic issues in adults. Conversely, excessive production can result in conditions like gigantism in children or acromegaly in adults. Therapeutic use of synthetic growth hormone is employed to treat deficiencies and certain other medical conditions.