kartulikasvatuse

Kartulikasvatuse, or potato cultivation, is the process of growing potatoes. This involves several key stages, beginning with the selection of suitable seed potatoes. These are typically tubers that have been certified disease-free and have developed "eyes" or sprouts, indicating they are ready for planting. The soil for potato cultivation should be well-drained, loamy, and slightly acidic to neutral in pH. Potatoes prefer full sun exposure for optimal growth.

Planting usually occurs in early to mid-spring, after the last frost. Seed potatoes are cut into pieces, ensuring each piece has at least one or two eyes, and planted at a depth of about 4-6 inches. Spacing between plants and rows is crucial to allow for proper development and air circulation, typically ranging from 12-18 inches apart within rows and 2-3 feet between rows. As the potato plants grow, a process called "hilling" or "earthing up" is important. This involves mounding soil around the base of the plant to cover the developing tubers, protecting them from sunlight (which can cause them to turn green and toxic) and encouraging further tuber formation.

Watering should be consistent, especially during tuber development, but overwatering should be avoided to prevent rot. Fertilization, if necessary, is typically done at planting and again during the early growth stages, with a focus on balanced nutrients. Potatoes are susceptible to various pests and diseases, such as potato beetles, blight, and scab, which require monitoring and appropriate management strategies. Harvesting typically occurs in late summer or early autumn, when the foliage begins to yellow and die back. The tubers are carefully dug up, taking care not to damage them. They are then cured in a dry, cool place before storage to allow their skins to harden, which improves their shelf life.