karnevál

Karnevál is a festive season observed in various cultures, particularly in parts of Europe, Latin America, and the Caribbean, marking the period leading up to Lent, a time of fasting and abstinence in Christian traditions. The term originates from the Latin *carne vale*, meaning "farewell to meat," reflecting its historical connection to the preparation for Lent, when meat consumption was traditionally avoided.

The celebrations typically begin on or after Twelfth Night (January 6) and conclude on Shrove Tuesday, the day before Ash Wednesday. Karnevál is characterized by vibrant parades, elaborate costumes, music, and public revelry. In many regions, it is one of the most significant cultural events of the year, blending religious observance with secular entertainment.

One of the most famous karnevál celebrations is Carnival in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, known for its grand samba parades featuring elaborate floats, dancers, and performers. Similarly, Venice’s Carnival, dating back to the 12th century, is renowned for its elaborate masks and historic costumes. In Europe, cities like Cologne (Germany), Nice (France), and Notting Hill (London) host lively street festivals with themed parties, street performances, and public gatherings.

Karnevál often incorporates local traditions, folklore, and satire, with some communities using the occasion to critique social or political issues through humor and symbolism. The festivities may include masquerade balls, street parties, and the burning of effigies, symbolizing the expulsion of winter or the rejection of mundane life in favor of celebration.

While rooted in Christian tradition, karnevál has evolved into a secular holiday in many places, attracting millions of participants and spectators worldwide. Its enduring popularity reflects its role as a time of communal joy, cultural expression, and collective release before the solemnity of Lent.