kardiograf

A kardiograf, also known as a cardiograph, is a medical device used to record the electrical activity of the heart over time. The term originates from the Greek words *kardia* (heart) and *graphein* (to write), reflecting its function of producing a graphical representation of cardiac signals. Kardiografs are essential tools in cardiology for diagnosing and monitoring various heart conditions.

The most common type of kardiograf is the electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) machine, which measures the electrical impulses generated by the heart’s chambers. These impulses are detected through electrodes placed on the skin, typically on the chest, arms, and legs. The recorded data is displayed as a waveform, known as an electrocardiogram, which shows the heart’s electrical activity in real time.

Early kardiografs were mechanical devices that used a stylus and rotating drum to produce a physical tracing of the heart’s rhythm. Modern versions are digital, allowing for immediate analysis, storage, and transmission of results. Digital kardiografs often include software for automated interpretation, helping clinicians identify abnormalities such as arrhythmias, ischemia, or hypertrophy.

Kardiografs are widely used in clinical settings, including hospitals, emergency rooms, and doctor’s offices. They are also portable, enabling ambulatory monitoring for patients with suspected cardiac issues. Holter monitors and event recorders are examples of portable kardiografs that continuously or intermittently record heart activity over extended periods.

The accuracy of a kardiograf depends on proper electrode placement, patient preparation, and calibration of the device. While highly reliable, false readings can occur due to artifacts from muscle movement or electrical interference. Regular maintenance and calibration ensure the device’s precision in diagnosing heart conditions.