karbida

Karbida is a term used in several languages to denote carbide, a broad class of chemical compounds that contain carbon bonded with another element. In English usage, carbide refers to compounds of carbon with metals or metalloids, and karbida may be encountered as the equivalent term in Turkish, Persian, and other language contexts.

Carbides are typically categorized as binary carbides, where carbon is combined with a more electropositive element, and interstitial carbides, where carbon atoms occupy interstitial sites in a metal lattice. Common examples include calcium carbide (CaC2), silicon carbide (SiC), tungsten carbide (WC), and titanium carbide (TiC). Properties vary, but many carbides are extremely hard, have high melting points, and exhibit chemical stability, properties that make them valuable for industrial applications. Silicon carbide, for instance, is also a wide-bandgap semiconductor used in power electronics.

Production of carbides usually involves high-temperature synthesis, such as direct reaction of carbon with a metal or metal oxide, or specialized processes like the Acheson process for SiC. Calcium carbide can be produced from lime and carbon and is notable for its role in generating acetylene gas on contact with water.

Applications span cutting tools, abrasives, wear-resistant coatings, ceramic materials, and electronic devices. Calcium carbide is used to generate acetylene for lighting and chemical synthesis, while silicon carbide serves in high-power electronics and advanced ceramics.

Safety considerations include handling of carbide powders and gases released by some reactions; appropriate protective measures and ventilation are important in industrial settings. See also calcium carbide, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, and carbide ceramics.