kalvininen

Kalvininen is a term that refers to various aspects related to John Calvin, a significant figure in the Protestant Reformation. It most commonly denotes the theological system developed by Calvin, known as Calvinism. This system emphasizes God's sovereignty, predestination, and the authority of Scripture. Key tenets include the doctrines of total depravity, unconditional election, limited atonement, irresistible grace, and perseverance of the saints, often summarized by the acronym TULIP.

Beyond theology, the term "kalvininen" can also describe the influence of Calvin's ideas on church structure and governance. Calvin advocated for a presbyterian system, where church leadership is vested in elders. This emphasis on reformed church polity has had a lasting impact on many Protestant denominations.

Furthermore, "kalvininen" may refer to the cultural and social impact of Calvinism. Calvin's followers often promoted a disciplined lifestyle, emphasizing hard work, frugality, and a strong moral code. This "Protestant work ethic" has been theorized as a factor in the development of capitalism in certain regions. The term can also be used more broadly to describe the historical movements and institutions that arose from or were heavily influenced by Calvin's teachings.