kaksikäyttö

Kaksikäyttö refers to the concept of dual-use technology or items that have both civilian and military applications. This duality means that a technology or product, while developed or intended for peaceful purposes, can also be adapted or utilized for military objectives. The term is often used in the context of international trade, security, and non-proliferation efforts, particularly concerning weapons of mass destruction.

Examples of kaksikäyttö items are numerous and span various fields. In computing, advanced algorithms developed for scientific research could be used for code-breaking or cyber warfare. In materials science, high-strength alloys created for aerospace engineering might also be employed in the construction of military vehicles or weapons. Similarly, certain chemical compounds, vital for pharmaceuticals or industrial processes, can also be precursors for chemical weapons. Nuclear technology is another prominent area, where materials and knowledge gained from civilian nuclear power programs could potentially be diverted for weapons development.

The challenge with kaksikäyttö items lies in distinguishing legitimate civilian use from potential military proliferation. International treaties and export control regimes, such as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and the Wassenaar Arrangement, aim to regulate the transfer of such technologies to prevent their misuse. These regulations often require countries to declare and account for dual-use items and to implement safeguards to ensure they are not diverted for military purposes. Balancing the benefits of technological advancement for civilian society with the need for global security is a central aspect of managing kaksikäyttö.