kaartendata

Kaartendata refers to digital representations of geographical features and locations used in maps and spatial analysis. It comprises geometric information (coordinates, topology) and attribute data (names, classifications) and can be stored as vector data (points, lines, polygons) or raster data (grids).

Common types include base maps, administrative boundaries, cadastral parcels, points of interest, transportation networks, land cover, and satellite or drone imagery. Metadata describes data provenance, accuracy, update frequency, coordinate reference system, and licensing.

Sources come from national and local government agencies, open-data portals, and commercial providers, as well as crowd-sourced platforms such as OpenStreetMap. Licensing varies from open data to proprietary; users must respect terms and attribution requirements.

Formats and standards: vector formats like Shapefile, GeoJSON and GML; raster formats like GeoTIFF; databases such as PostGIS. Interoperability relies on standards from the OGC (WMS, WFS, WCS) and European INSPIRE guidance.

Applications include geographic information systems, urban planning, navigation, logistics, environmental monitoring, and disaster response. Data quality is a key concern and is described by accuracy, currency, resolution, completeness, and provenance, all of which influence suitability for a task.

Privacy considerations arise when map data include sensitive location information; aggregated or anonymized data are used to mitigate risks. Data governance and clear licensing terms are important for reuse and integration across projects.