jõul

Jõul is an Estonian term associated with the Christmas holiday and the Christmas season. In everyday usage the holiday is most commonly called jõulud, but jõul functions as a productive stem in many compound words and expressions, such as jõulupuu (Christmas tree), jõululaat or jõuluturg (Christmas market), and jõuluaeg (the Christmas period). The form is derived from the same root as in Finnish joulu, reflecting shared Finnic linguistic history.

Etymology and usage

The word originates from Proto-Finnic and is cognate with the Finnish joulu. In Estonian, jõul appears predominantly in composite words describing Christmas-related objects, events, and times. It is less common as a standalone noun in modern speech, where jõulud or specific holiday terms are typically used.

Traditions and cultural context

In Estonia, Christmas traditions blend religious and secular elements. Christmas Eve (jõululaupäev) is often the focal point of celebration, featuring a family meal and the exchange of gifts. Jõuluvana, a Santa Claus figure, delivers presents to children on Christmas Eve. The Christmas tree (jõulupuu) is commonly decorated, and many towns host Christmas markets or fairs (jõululaat, jõuluturg). Church services are a part of the holiday for many, while others observe the season through lights, music, and festive gatherings. The term jõul is also found in phrases describing the broader winter season and Christmas-related activities.

See also

Jõulud; Jõuluvana; Jõulupuu; Jõululaat; Jõuluaeg.