jääduma

Jääduma is a term that originates from the Estonian language, where "jää" means "ice" and "duma" is derived from the Russian word "дума" (duma), which refers to an assembly or council. The term jääduma is used to describe a unique cultural and historical phenomenon in Estonia, particularly in the context of the island of Saaremaa.

During the 13th century, the island of Saaremaa was known for its fierce resistance against foreign invaders, including the Livonian Order and Danish forces. The local inhabitants, known as Oeselians, were renowned for their martial skills and their ability to withstand harsh conditions. The term jääduma emerged to describe the Oeselians' strategy of retreating to heavily fortified strongholds, often located in remote and icy areas, during times of conflict. These strongholds, known as ice fortresses or ice castles, provided the Oeselians with a strategic advantage, allowing them to withstand sieges and launch counterattacks.

The concept of jääduma is deeply rooted in Estonian folklore and has become a symbol of resilience and determination in the face of adversity. It reflects the historical and cultural identity of the Oeselians and their ability to adapt to challenging environments. Today, the term jääduma is used more broadly to describe any situation where individuals or groups retreat to a secure position to regroup and strategize, drawing inspiration from the historical tactics of the Oeselians.