juncoes

Junco is a common name for several species of small North American seed-eating birds belonging to the genera Junco and formerly also Pipilo. The most widespread and familiar species is the Dark-eyed Junco, which is found across much of the continent. Other species include the Yellow-eyed Junco and the Slate-colored Junco, though these are now often considered subspecies of the Dark-eyed Junco.

These birds are typically found in a variety of habitats, including forests, woodlands, brushy areas, and even suburban gardens. They are often seen foraging on the ground for seeds, insects, and berries. Junco plumage varies significantly among species and even within species, leading to considerable diversity in appearance. For instance, the Dark-eyed Junco exhibits many different color morphs, such as "slate-colored," "Oregon," and "pink-sided," depending on geographic location and genetic background.

Junco songs are generally simple and repetitive, often described as trills or chirps. They are known to be migratory, with many populations moving south for the winter, though some remain in their breeding grounds year-round. Their adaptability to different environments and their common presence in feeders make them a familiar sight for many birdwatchers. The genus name "Junco" is derived from the Spanish word for "reed," referencing their habitat.