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Jujutsu, also commonly spelled jiu-jitsu or jujitsu, is a broad category of Japanese martial arts that originated in feudal Japan. The term literally translates to "gentle art" or "pliant art." Unlike striking arts that rely on kicks and punches, jujutsu primarily focuses on grappling techniques, throws, joint locks, and chokeholds. The underlying principle of jujutsu is to overcome a stronger, larger opponent by using their own strength and momentum against them, or by efficiently redirecting their force.

Historically, jujutsu was developed by the samurai class as a means of unarmed combat when their weapons were lost or unusable. Different schools, or ryu, of jujutsu emerged over centuries, each with its own unique curriculum and emphasis. Some styles might prioritize throws and takedowns, while others focus more on ground fighting and submission holds. The effectiveness of jujutsu lies in its adaptability and its ability to neutralize an attacker through leverage and technique rather than brute force.

In the modern era, jujutsu has influenced many other martial arts and combat sports. Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, in particular, is a prominent descendant that has gained international popularity and is a cornerstone of mixed martial arts (MMA). While many traditional jujutsu schools continue to practice their historical forms, the art's principles of leverage, control, and redirection remain highly relevant for self-defense and competitive grappling.