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The Waste Framework Directive, officially Directive 2008/98/EC, is a key piece of European Union legislation governing waste management. It establishes a legal framework for waste treatment across member states, prioritizing a hierarchy of waste management options. At the top of this hierarchy is prevention, followed by reuse, recycling, and other recovery operations, with disposal as the least preferred option.

The directive aims to protect the environment and human health by preventing or reducing the negative impacts of waste generation and management. It sets out common definitions, principles, and objectives for waste management, encouraging member states to develop and implement comprehensive waste management plans. Key provisions include requirements for the separate collection of waste, the establishment of waste management facilities, and the promotion of producer responsibility schemes.

Furthermore, the Waste Framework Directive sets specific recycling targets for municipal waste and packaging waste, which have been progressively strengthened over time. It also includes provisions for the management of hazardous waste, ensuring its safe handling and disposal. The directive is designed to promote a circular economy by emphasizing resource efficiency and the transition from a linear "take-make-dispose" model to one where waste is minimized and resources are kept in use for as long as possible. Member states are obligated to transpose the directive's provisions into their national laws and report on their progress towards achieving the set targets.