izotópjelöléses

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. This difference in neutron number means they have different atomic masses. Isotopes can be stable or unstable (radioactive). In the context of "izotópjelöléses," which translates to "isotope labeling" in English, these isotopic differences are utilized for tracing and measurement purposes.

Isotope labeling is a technique where specific atoms within a molecule are replaced with their isotopes. For example, a carbon atom in a molecule might be replaced with carbon-13, which is a stable, heavier isotope of carbon. Alternatively, a radioactive isotope like carbon-14 could be used. The presence and location of these labeled atoms can then be detected and quantified using specialized instruments such as mass spectrometers or scintillation counters.

This method finds widespread application in various scientific fields. In chemistry, it helps elucidate reaction mechanisms by tracking the movement of atoms through chemical transformations. In biology, isotope labeling is crucial for studying metabolic pathways, understanding how drugs are absorbed and processed by the body, and tracking the fate of biomolecules. In environmental science, it can be used to trace the movement of pollutants or study nutrient cycling. The choice of isotope depends on the specific application, with stable isotopes offering a non-radioactive alternative for many studies, while radioactive isotopes provide higher sensitivity for detection.