izotropní

Isotropní refers to a material or property that is the same in all directions. This means that regardless of the direction in which a measurement is taken, the observed value will be constant. For example, an isotropní material will exhibit the same strength, conductivity, or refractive index no matter which orientation is tested.

This concept is often contrasted with anisotropy, where properties vary with direction. Many crystalline structures are anisotropic, with different arrangements of atoms leading to directional dependencies in their physical characteristics. However, amorphous materials, such as glass, are often isotropní due to their disordered atomic structure.

In physics, isotropní phenomena are simpler to describe and model mathematically than anisotropic ones. For instance, the spread of light from a point source in a vacuum is isotropní, radiating equally in all directions. Similarly, some types of radiation are considered isotropní if their intensity is uniform in every direction. The term is also applied in fields like statistics and economics to describe data or distributions that show no directional preference. Understanding isotropí is crucial for accurately predicting the behavior of materials and systems in various scientific and engineering applications.